On the use of edge cracked short bend beam specimen for PMMA fracture toughness testing under mixed-mode I/II

In this paper an inclined edge cracked short beam specimen subjected to symmetric three-point bend loading was designed and examined for conducting mixed-mode I/II fracture toughness experiments. The aspect ratio (i.e. length to width ratio) and the loading span distance are considered much lower than the other conventional cracked bend beam samples. Crack tip parameters such as stress intensity factors and T-stress were computed numerically for this specimen by several finite element analyses and it was demonstrated that the specimen is able to produce full combinations of mode I and II including pure mode II. The practical capability of the short bend beam specimen was studied experimentally by conducting a set of mixed-mode fracture tests on PolymethylMethacrylate (PMMA) as a well-known model brittle material. The critical stress intensity factors, the direction of fracture kinking and the path of fracture trajectory were investigated both experimentally and theoretically using two stress and strain-based fracture criteria. The fracture toughness of tested PMMA was decreased by moving towards mode II case due to the effect of T-stress on the fracture mechanism of the short bend beam specimen.     

Fatigue Behavior of Composite Sandwich Panels Under Three Point Bending Load

In this paper, the bending fatigue tests of honeycomb sandwich panels are carried out by using an improved three-point bending test fixture, and the S-N curves at different stress ratios are obtained. Through the records of fatigue damage in the experiment, the failure mode of the honeycomb sandwich panels and the source of fatigue damage are determined. At the same time, through the calculation of the shear stress distribution on the honeycomb wall, the reasons for the difference in the failure morphology of the L-direction and W-direction sandwich panels are clarified. Besides, a life prediction method is proposed and its effectiveness in predicting the fatigue life of sandwich panels has been verified.     

吉林大学化学本科与研究生贯通式创新型人才培养模式

吉林大学化学学院秉持立德树人的根本任务,以“厚基础、重实践、严要求”为理念,探索了改革开放后具有吉大特色的本科与研究生贯通创新型人才培养模式。以先进的教学科研理念、雄厚的师资队伍、完善的人才培养体系、优质的平台支撑为基础,培养了一大批杰出的化学家,为我国化学领域的教育事业和科学研究奠定了深厚的基础,成为培养高素质化学人才的一方沃土。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ZHOU PEIYUAN COMPETITION ON MECHANICS

全国周培源大学生力学竞赛为《力学与实践》编委会发起并承办的一项大学生科技赛事,经过三十多年的发展,已经成功举办了12届,也成为展示高校力学教学水平的一个窗口。在《力学与实践》创刊40周之际,本文对全国周培源大学生力学竞赛的发展历程和组织模式进行了较为系统的回顾和梳理;对各届的组织规模和创新形式进行归纳与汇总;并通过案例说明力学竞赛对力学教学和人才培养所发挥的作用。     

Contingent derivatives and regularization for noncoercive inverse problems

Abstract

We study the inverse problem of parameter identification in noncoercive variational problems that commonly appear in applied models. We examine the differentiability of the set-valued parameter-to-solution map using the first-order and the second-order contingent derivatives. We explore the inverse problem using the output least-squares and the modified output least-squares objectives. By regularizing the noncoercive variational problem, we obtain a single-valued regularized parameter-to-solution map and investigate its smoothness and boundedness. We also consider optimization problems using the output least-squares and the modified output least-squares objectives for the regularized variational problem. We give a complete convergence analysis showing that for the output least-squares and the modified output least-squares, the regularized minimization problems approximate the original optimization problems suitably. We also provide the first-order and the second-order adjoint method for the computation of the first-order and the second-order derivatives of the output least-squares objective. We provide discrete formulas for the gradient and the Hessian calculation and present numerical results.     

基于演化博弈的公共交通、共享汽车与私家车的博弈分析

出行者的选择行为分析是交通系统中的一项重要内容,随着城市的发展,交通出行方式大体分为三大类:公共交通出行、辅助公共交通出行和私人交通出行。本文在以往的研究基础上,采用演化博弈的方法研究公共交通、共享汽车以及私家车三者之间的博弈关系,模拟出行者的选择行为,分析博弈均衡点稳定性及参数条件。通过模型仿真实验,演化结果中各项比例大小取决于各项收益、补贴、损失以及额外收益,要增加公共交通的配套设施,增收拥堵费以及增加对共享汽车的补贴及配套服务。     

基于ANP法的股权激励模式选择研究

本文对企业如何科学合理地选择股权激励模式问题进行研究探讨。不仅考虑到以往研究中的企业特征因素,同时也考虑了激励对象特征因素和外部实施环境因素,建立股权激励模式选择指标体系,并分析各指标间的依存关系,基于此构建了ANP网络结构模型,并选取两个代表性样本企业进行算例验证和应用,最终使得不同企业可根据自身的实际情况选择合适的股权激励模式,验证了该模型的合理性与可行性。     

Studies on oral bioavailability and first‐pass metabolism of withaferin A in rats using LC–MS/MS and Q‐TRAP

Withaferin A (WA) is one of the major bioactive steroidal lactones with extensive pharmacological activities present in the plant Withania somnifera. The absolute oral bioavailability of WA remains unknown and human‐related in vitro data are not available. Therefore, in the present study, the absolute oral bioavailability of WA in male rats and the in vitro screening of absorption factors by Q‐trap and LC–MS/MS analysis were conducted to explore possible clinical properties of WA. The developed and validated analytical methods were successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies and in vitro measurement of WA. The oral bioavailability was determined to be 32.4 ± 4.8% based on intravenous (5 mg/kg) and oral (10 mg/kg) administrations of WA in male rats. The in vitro results showed that WA could be easily transported across Caco‐2 cells and WA did not show as a substrate for P‐glycoprotein. Moreover, the stability of WA was similar between male rat and human in simulated gastric fluid (stable), in intestinal microflora solution (slow decrease) and in liver microsomes (rapid depletion, with a half‐life of 5.6 min). As such, the first‐pass metabolism of WA was further verified by rat intestine‐liver in situ perfusion, revealing that WA rapidly decreased and 27.1% remained within 1 h, while the content of three major metabolites (M1, M4, M5) identified by Q‐trap increased. This perfusion result is consistent with the oral bioavailability results in vivo. The first‐pass metabolism of WA might be the main barrier in achieving good oral bioavailability in male rats and it is predicted to be similar in humans. This study may hold clinical significance.     

Detectability conditions for output-only subspace identification

ABSTRACT

The scope of output-only/blind identification is restricted to stochastic/statistical processes, but for the first time in this study, the detectability conditions for general output-only subspace identification are investigated. This aids the range of input sources to be extended in a much realistic manner, beyond the only stochastic inputs. For this purpose, the subspace framework is assigned to make a connection between the output signal contents and the LTI system order. A few substantial hypotheses and algebraic statements are propounded affirming the sufficiency of the genuine output sequences for the identification purpose. This can be perceived as the cornerstone of state-space model reconstruction. In order to consolidate the notions according to reality, several examples are studied and examined for different input classes with stochastic disturbance.     

Disentangling stochastic signals superposed on short localized oscillations

We introduce a procedure for separating periodic oscillations superposed on a stochastic signal. The procedure combines empirical mode decomposition (EMD) of a signal with tools of data analysis based on stochastic differential equations, namely nonlinear Langevin equations. Taking the set of modes retrieved from the EMD of the signal, our procedure is able to separate them into two groups, one composing the periodic signal and another composing the stochastic signal. The framework is robust for a broad family of localized oscillations, in the range of large frequencies. In particular, we show that, in this context, the EMD method outperforms a low-pass filter and is robust for a wide interval of different frequency ranges and amplitudes of the periodic oscillation, as well as for a broad family of different non-linear Langevin processes.